Laravel 11 以後的新應用程式結構 FAQ

# 確認框架內的 config
cat vendor/laravel/framework/config/cors.php

# 複製到專案端進行自訂
php artisan config:publish cors

// 使用 $request->validate()
public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validate([
        'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
    ]);
}

// 使用 Gate::authorize()
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;

public function update(Request $request, Post $post)
{
    Gate::authorize('update', $post);
}

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;

abstract class Controller extends BaseController
{
    use AuthorizesRequests, ValidatesRequests;
}

// bootstrap/app.php
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    // TrustProxies 等中介層原本設定的項目，皆可透過 Middleware 類別的方法設定
    $middleware->trustProxies(at: '*');

    // 加入全域中介層
    $middleware->append(\App\Http\Middleware\MyMiddleware::class);

    // 設定路由群組的別名
    $middleware->alias([
        'my-middleware' => \App\Http\Middleware\MyMiddleware::class,
    ]);

    // 自訂 Web / API 中介層群組
    $middleware->web(append: [
        \App\Http\Middleware\HandleInertiaRequests::class,
    ]);
})

use Illuminate\Routing\Controllers\HasMiddleware;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controllers\Middleware;

class UserController extends Controller implements HasMiddleware
{
    public static function middleware(): array
    {
        return [
            'auth',
            new Middleware('log', only: ['index']),
            new Middleware('subscribed', except: ['index']),
        ];
    }
}

use Illuminate\Routing\Controllers\HasMiddleware;
use App\Http\Middleware\EnsureTokenIsValid;

#[Middleware(EnsureTokenIsValid::class)]
class UserController extends Controller
{
    // ...
}

// app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;

abstract class Controller extends BaseController
{
    use AuthorizesRequests;
}

use Illuminate\Routing\Attributes\Controllers\Authorize;
use App\Models\Post;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    #[Authorize('view', 'post')]
    public function show(Post $post) { /* ... */ }

    #[Authorize('update', 'post')]
    public function update(Request $request, Post $post) { /* ... */ }
}

// routes/console.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schedule;

Schedule::command('emails:send')->daily();
Schedule::job(new SendEmails)->everyFiveMinutes();

->withSchedule(function (Schedule $schedule) {
    $schedule->command('emails:send')->daily();
})

namespace App\Listeners;

use App\Events\OrderShipped;

class SendShipmentNotification
{
    // 只要在 handle() 的引數指定事件類別即會自動註冊
    public function handle(OrderShipped $event): void
    {
        // ...
    }
}

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;

public function boot(): void
{
    Event::listen(
        OrderShipped::class,
        SendShipmentNotification::class,
    );
}

// bootstrap/providers.php
return [
    App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
    App\Providers\MyCustomServiceProvider::class, // ← 在此加入
];

// bootstrap/app.php
->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
    // 不回報特定例外
    $exceptions->dontReport(InvalidOrderException::class);

    // 自訂渲染
    $exceptions->render(function (InvalidOrderException $e, Request $request) {
        return response()->view('errors.invalid-order', status: 500);
    });

    // 變更未驗證時的重新導向目的地
    $exceptions->shouldRenderJsonWhen(function (Request $request, Throwable $e) {
        return $request->is('api/*');
    });
})

->withRouting(
    web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
    then: function () {
        Route::middleware('web')
            ->prefix('admin')
            ->group(base_path('routes/admin.php'));
    },
)

->withRouting(
    using: function () {
        Route::middleware('web')
            ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));

        Route::middleware('api')
            ->prefix('api')
            ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));
    },
)

// config/app.php
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

return [
    // ...
    'providers' => ServiceProvider::defaultProviders()->replace([
        Illuminate\Foo\FooServiceProvider::class => Bar\BarServiceProvider::class,
    ])->toArray(),
];

php artisan install:api

php artisan install:broadcasting

// bootstrap/app.php
return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withRouting(...)
    ->withMiddleware(...)
    ->withExceptions(...)
    ->create();

// bootstrap/app.php
$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
    $_ENV['APP_BASE_PATH'] ?? dirname(__DIR__)
);

$app->singleton(
    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
    App\Http\Kernel::class
);
// ...